Avaliação do efeito de citotoxicidade dos microplásticos na linhagem mamária humana MCF10A

Abstract

Introduction: It is known that the use of plastic and its derivatives has been growing exponentially, accompanied by advances involving poor management, detachment and degradation of plastic waste. Studies also indicate the presence of components such as microplastic in the human body, which may pose health risks. Furthermore, compounds like resveratrol (RSV) have been extensively studied for their antiinflammatory and anticancer properties, as well as their interactions with various substances. Given this, investigating the impacts of microplastics and compounds such as resveratrol is essential to understanding the implications for human health. Objective: To evaluate the impact of microplastics on MCF10A cells and the influence of resveratrol in this context. Methodology: This is a laboratory study using MCF10A cell culture exposed to six different concentrations of MPs (20 μm and 1 μm), RSV exposure at six different concentrations, and a mixed group (combining 20 μm MPs and RSV) at different concentrations. Cell viability was analyzed at 24h and 72h time points through an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Results: The isolated exposure of cells to MPs (20 and 1 μm) did not show significant changes in cell viability at any time point. However, an increase in cell proliferation was observed when exposed to 1 μm MPs. Regarding RSV, cell viability was reduced to 11.74% after 72h of exposure at a concentration of 500 μM. In the mixed treatment, cell viability was reduced to 46.90% (p<0.0025) with 500 μg/mL MPs + 250 μM RSV and to 11.36% (p<0.0001) with 1000 μg/mL MPs + 500 μM RSV, suggesting a potential interaction between the compounds. Furthermore, the IC50 of RSV was identified as 263.8 μM at 72h. Conclusion: The results showed that the microplastics (20 and 1 μm) did not cause significant cytotoxic effects, whereas resveratrol (RSV), at high concentrations, reduced cell viability, with an IC50 of 263.8 μM. The combination of microplastics and RSV indicates a possible synergistic interaction, increasing cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. Given the limitations of the study, it is necessary to investigate whether chronic exposure to microplastics could increase the risk of diseases, including breast cancer, requiring new experimental conditions. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand the impact of microplastics on human health and the mechanisms involved