Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e alterações na pressão arterial no estudo longitudinal de saúde do adulto (ELSA-Brasil)

Abstract

Excessive alcohol consumption is related to increased blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and changes in blood pressure after 3.3 years in participants of the Longitudinal Adult Health Study - ELSA-Brasil. Data from 3,990 participants aged 35-74 years old, male and female, from six research and educational institutions at baseline (2008-2010) and follow-up (2012-2014) were analyzed. Participants with hypertension at baseline were excluded. Socioeconomic, hemodynamic, anthropometric and health data were collected. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and / or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and / or use of antihypertensive medication. A questionnaire with closed questions was used to investigate the pattern of intake and frequency of alcohol consumption. The change in consumption was estimated by subtracting the total consumed in wave 2 and at the beginning of the study. After that, the values were categorized in quintiles. The values were also categorized as “stable” (value 0), reduction (<0) and increase (> 0). ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to assess the relationship between consumption change and health variables, and paired t-test to compare moments. Crude and adjusted multivariate linear regression models were tested. The adopted significance level was 5%. There was an increase in hemodynamic variables and alcohol consumption in both sexes, being 1.6g / day in men and 0.9g / day in women (p <0.001). Higher increases in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.001) occurred among individuals who increased their alcohol consumption at follow-up, in addition to the greater amount of total alcohol (p = 0.030) and distilled liquor (p = 0.043) was found in hypertensive men compared to normotensive men as well as greater difference. Pressure increases in the last quintile of the difference in consumption were observed in all models in diastolic blood pressure, except in model 2 in women. It is concluded that there is a positive relationship between the increase of alcohol consumption and blood pressure, and it is necessary to implement programs to control excess consumption.