TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL PARA ATENDIMENTO DAS NECESSIDADES HUMANAS BÁSICAS DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIA DE REVASCULARIZAÇÃO MIOCÁRDICA EM PÓS ALTA HOSPITALAR

Abstract

Patients who undergo myocardial revascularization surgery have their basic human needs impaired, which should be considered by nurses when planning hospital discharge. Objectives: To produce and validate the content of an educational technology that addresses the basic human needs of post-discharge patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Method: Applied methodological study, with the production of a technology, developed in four stages: 1) Survey of nursing problems of cardiac surgery patients in hospital discharge; 2) elaboration of the technical guide for the creation of the technology. 3) Development of an educational technology in health to meet the basic human needs of patients undergoing revascularization surgery based on Wanda Horta's theory of basic human needs; and 4) validation of educational technology content by 15 judges. Results: Based on a literature review, it was possible to survey the main nursing problems in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and identify the basic human needs affected according to Wanda Horta's theory. After this survey, it was possible to develop and validate the content of the educational technology for patients at the time of hospital discharge, with a total CVI of 0.92, and the care that the patient should have after hospital discharge to recover the basic human needs affected. Product: A technical guide was developed oriented by the guidelines for post-discharge care of the patient undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, based on Wanda Horta's Theory of Human Needs, the booklet of postdischarge care guidelines and three characters (Nurse Paula, Antônio and Maria). Final Consideration: The orientations present in the technical script are valid and can contribute to the implementation of the routine of care orientations for the post discharge period of patients submitted to myocardial revascularization, contributing to the improvement of the nurse’s work process in the discharge planning of these patients and allowing the patient the access to the necessary information to reestablish his/her needs at home. The educational booklet presents the most relevant orientations of the script, but in a playful way, with the use of characters and a simpler language to the patient, allowing him to consult the information at home, considering the time in weeks after the surgery, facilitating self-care and the return to his activities safely.