Anemia em gestantes da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, Brasil

Abstract

Anemia during pregnancy is an especially developing public health problem and is associated with adverse effects during pregnancy. A high prevalence is found in women of childbearing age, as well as in postpartum women. Considering that there are still important gaps in the understanding of the association of maternal hemoglobin concentration in maternal and child health, this study had to analyze the factors associated with the presence of the gestational week objective and the cutoff point of the World Health Organization. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 990 puerperal women living in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória - Espírito Santo (RMGV- ES), assisted in public maternity hospitals affiliated to the Unified Health System in the region. As pregnant women, they were classified as anemic and non-anemic, allowing an analysis of the frequency of sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric anemias, lifestyle habits and guidance on healthy eating. Chi-square testing and Binary Logistic Regression were used to assess the association between these variables. A great difference was found in the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy, with 29.6% according to the WHO difference and 4.6% according to the Gestational Week. There was no diagnostic method of anemia per gestational week, women with up to eight years of schooling were more likely to have anemia when later than women aged nine years or more than women aged nine years (OR=3.43; CI95 %=1.30-9.03), and female smokers were more likely to have anemia than most female non-smokers (OR=4.86; CI 95%=1.95-12.11). In the diagnostic method proposed by the World Health Organization, only smoking is associated with a greater chance of anemia (OR=1.76; 95%CI=1.10- 2.81). The results provide relevant information that can be applied in the management of anemia during prenatal care and can help in the conduct of public policies aimed at this group.