Prevalências e fatores associados à violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação: estudo realizado em Cariacica, Espírito Santo

Abstract

Introduction: Violence when attacked against women has social spread throughout the world, being seen as a form of violation of the rights and dignity of women. When studying violence by an intimate partner, it is important to consider it as a phenomenon present in pregnancy, becoming even more worrying. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy among puerperal women admitted to a maternity hospital in the municipality of Cariacica, Espírito Santo. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study carried out with 330 postpartum women admitted to a low- risk maternity hospital. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied on socioeconomic, behavioral, clinical and life experience characteristics. Intimate partner violence was tracked by the World Health Organization instrument, which makes it possible to identify psychological, physical and sexual violence. The data were analyzed using the Stata 13.0 program, where chi-square and Fisher's exact tests will be performed in the bivariate analysis and Poisson regression with robust variance in the multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of 16.1% of psychological violence, 7.6% of physical violence and 2.7% of sexual violence during pregnancy were found. Psychological violence was associated with age, family income, beginning of sexual life, illness during pregnancy, wished to interrupt pregnancy and the number of partners. Physics was associated with education, beginning of sexual life and illness during pregnancy. Sexual violence, on the other hand, remained associated with marital status and it was desired to terminate the pregnancy (p <0.05). With regard to the characteristics of the partner, the puerperal women whose partners consume alcohol, do not work, who refuse to use a condom and who were not the newborn's parents had a higher prevalence of violence during pregnancy (p <0.05). Conclusion: Psychological violence was more prevalent during pregnancy, followed by physical and sexual violence. Socioeconomic, clinical / obstetric and behavioral characteristics of the puerperal women, as well as those of the intimate partner were associated with a higher prevalence of violence. The results of the study contribute to the knowledge about the magnitude and factors associated with the phenomenon of violence during pregnancy.