Caracterização vegetativa e produtiva de genótipos de Coffea canephora cultivados em altitude de transição com diferentes manejos de água e solo

Abstract

The biometric and productive characterization of Conilon coffee genotypes grown at transition altitude under different soil water managements is an important tool that helps in the identification of materials that present superior performance in these environments, and can promote improvements in coffee productivity and competitiveness. This information contributes to genetic improvement programs and the practical management of culture. In this context, the objective was to quantify vegetative and productive characteristics of improved Coffea canephora genotypes to evaluate their responses to cultivation with different soil water management at transition altitude. The experiment was carried out in a four-year-old crop, located in the Caparaó region of the State of Espírito Santo, at an altitude of 647 m, following the randomized block design in the plot of subdivided space, 27 x 2, with four repetitions. The first factor (plots) was composed of 27 improved genotypes of Conilon coffee and the second factor (subplot) was composed of two water managements in the soil: in the first management (Irrigation + Fertigation) irrigation was managed according to the soil moisture together with fertigation; and the second management (Fertigation) consisting only of fertigation. Although the average annual temperature observed at the study site was less than ideal for the cultivation of coffee Conilon, this factor did not affect the production of the genotypes in the evaluated production cycle. The vegetative and productive behavior of Conilon coffee genotypes cultivated at transition altitude was influenced by the water management in the soil, in which the managed irrigation associated with fertigation promoted increases in the length of the median orthotropic branch, crown projection diameter, number of branches plagiotropic, number of rosettes, number of fruits per rosette, number of leaves, leaf area of the plagiotropic branch, total dry matter of the plagiotropic branch and production. The gains in production with the use of managed irrigation ranged from 28 to 50%.%. Both with the use of managed irrigation associated with fertigation and using only fertigation the greatest production was obtained by genotype 302, while genotype 204 was the least productive. Genotypes 203, 206 and 208, when grown only under fertigation, were able to present the highest yields. The highest proportion of coarse grains was obtained by genotype 204 in both soil water managements, while the lowest proportions of coarse grains were found in genotypes 101, 102, 104, 106, 203, 207, 301, 303 and 306