Supremo escândalo: o caso Joanna Passos e o exercício do magistério no Espírito Santo no início do século XX

Abstract

Investigates the dismissal process and the nonconformity of the teacher Joanna Passos, in the context of the Educational Reform of Gomes Cardim (1908 – 1909) in the state of Espírito Santo. From the unfolding of this episode, understanding the constitution of the teacher profession as a process charged of impositions, but also fights, conflicts, resistance and retreats, this work problematizes the control exercised over teaching, in between the strength relationships that overpass the capixaba’s teaching process, in the coexistence of local ‘coronelismo’ and the ideals of republican modernization during the Jerônimo Monteiro governement (1908 – 1912). It uses as sources issued documents by the government, legal records, journalistics newspapers from the period, analyzed from the theorization of Carlo Ginzburg (1989, 2002, 2005) e Giovanni Levi (2000). In general lines, the inconformity of the teacher against her dismissal, under the charge of moral misconduct and incompetence on the professional exercise of teaching, evidences the rules of vigilance instituted by the Educational Reform of Cardim and Monteiro, that sustains and prioritize the morality as an elementary mechanism of teacher’s control, instead of the requirements related to the professional hability. It’s possible to see also traces of political favoritism and nepotism in the filling of public jobs on the local education. Finally, mixing aspects of the private and public life of the female teachers, the forms of control over the exercise of teaching disturbed the constitution of those workers as a professional group. In other hand, the nonconformity of Joanna Passos, pressed in the local newspaper, motivated public manifestation in her favor on the local midia, suggesting that her resistance against these forms of control were the first step to motivate other people to stand against the authoritarianism of Jerônimo Monteiro government. As the last analysis, the complexity and scope of strategies (LEVI, 2000) played by Joanna in the end placed the bad effects of abuse of authority of the local governor in the front of the eyes of the population and under their judge, showing that it had a bad effect on the public services as education