Maturação de frutos de variedades de laranjeiras-doce sobre diferentes porta-enxertos no extremo sul do estado da Bahia

Abstract

The determination of the maturation of orange fruits is essential to meet the quality standards required both for fresh consumption and for the industry. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the fruit maturation of 59 sweet orange varieties on four rootstock varieties in the extreme south of the state of Bahia. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of Fazenda Chão Bello, municipality of Ibirapuã (BA), consisting of 59 sweet orange varieties on four rootstocks, totaling 236 treatments. In each experimental unit, three random plants were selected, and four fruits were collected in the middle third of the plant around the crown. The variables evaluated were fruit mass, juice yield, concentration of soluble solids, titratable acidity and ripeness index or ratio. The variables evaluated were fruit mass, juice yield, concentration of soluble solids, titratable acidity and ripeness index or ratio. Statistical analyzes were based on the mixed models methodology (REML/BLUP), the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) and the best unbiased linear prediction (BLUP), Model 63. Deviance analyzes were carried out, jointly and individually, verification of the behavior of traits by group of oranges (Natal, Pera, Valência and Other cultivars) and selection of scion/rootstock combinations with prediction of permanent phenotypic values. In the joint analysis, the scion/rootstock combinations differed statistically for the parameters evaluated. Significant effects of treatments were observed for titratable acidity and ratio (Natal), soluble solids (Pera, Natal, Valência and Other cultivars) and juice yield (Valência and Other cultivars). In the evaluation of the behavior of the quality parameters, for the Pera and Other cultivars groups, the concentration of soluble solids, juice yield and ratio were within the minimum quality requirements pre-established for table fruits. The juice yield (55.05 to 60.05%) and soluble solids (10.70 to 12.38 °Brix) variables were higher than what is proposed as minimum for table fruits. On the other hand, titratable acidity (1.66 to 2.53% citric acid) and ratio (5.77 to 9.21) did not reach these parameters in the individual selection analysis for the Pera, Natal, Valência and Other Cultivars groups. Based on the highest number of occurrences, 'San Diego', 'Riverside' and 'Indio' citrandarins, followed by 'Sunki Tropical' mandarin, stood out on the soluble solid parameters, titratable acidity, ratio and juice yield. The cultivars ‘Pera C-32’, ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Pera D-9’, ‘Melrosa’, ‘Pera Olímpia’, ‘Pera C-21’, ‘Valência CNPMF’, ‘Crescent’, ‘Lamb's Summer’, ‘Diva’, ‘Valência Chapman’, ‘Natal 02’ and ‘Flor Brumadinho’ were listed in up to three characteristics from the joint analysis. In this selection, the combinations ‘Riverside’ / ‘Pera D-9’, ‘Riverside’ / ‘Pera C-32’, ‘San Diego’ / ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Sunki Tropical’ / ‘Pera Olímpia’, ‘Sunki Tropical’ / ‘Valência CNPMF’, ‘Sunki Tropical’ / ‘Diva’, ‘Indio’ / ‘Melrosa’, ‘Sunki Tropical’ / ‘Pera D-6’ and ‘Riverside’ / ‘Pera C-21’ belonging to the Pera, Natal and Valência group. These are the cultivars with the greatest potential for commercial exploitation due to their initial.